A brief history of electric current

 Have you ever wondered how electricity works? From the flick of a switch to the hum of a computer, electric current powers so much of our daily lives. But how did we figure out how to harness this mysterious force?

Believe it or not, the story of electric current begins all the way back in ancient Greece. The Greeks discovered that rubbing amber against fur could create a static charge, which was the first inkling that electricity existed.

Fast forward a few thousand years to the 17th century, when scientists like Benjamin Franklin started to study electricity in earnest. Franklin is best known for his experiment with a kite and a key, which showed that lightning was a form of electricity.

But it wasn't until the 19th century that things really started to heat up in the world of electricity. Enter Alessandro Volta, an Italian scientist who invented the first battery. This was a big deal, because it allowed scientists to create a continuous flow of electric current.

Next up was Hans Christian Oersted, a Danish physicist who discovered that an electric current could create a magnetic field. This discovery led to the development of the first electromagnet, which was a big step towards harnessing electricity for practical purposes.

And the hits just kept on coming. In 1831, Michael Faraday, an English scientist, discovered electromagnetic induction, which forms the basis of the modern generator. This allowed us to create large amounts of electricity and distribute it over long distances.

In the 1870s, James Clerk Maxwell, a Scottish physicist, formulated the equations of electromagnetism, which described the behavior of electric and magnetic fields. This was a huge breakthrough, because it allowed us to understand how electricity and magnetism are related.

Fast forward to the 20th century, and we get into some really mind-bending stuff. Scientists discovered the electron, which is a tiny particle that carries electric charge. And they developed quantum mechanics, which is a way of understanding the behavior of particles on a very small scale.

Today, electric current powers pretty much everything we do. From the lights in our homes to the devices in our pockets, we rely on electricity to get through the day. The story of electric current is a story of human ingenuity, curiosity, and a relentless drive to understand the world around us. So the next time you turn on a light or charge your phone, remember that you're participating in a centuries-long journey of discovery and innovation.

Quantum entanglement

In quantum physics, the entanglement of particles describes a relationship between their fundamental properties that can't have happened by chance. This could refer to states such as their momentum, position, or polarisation.

Knowing something about one of these characteristics for one particle tells you something about the same characteristic for the other.

Think of a pair of gloves. If you found a right glove alone in your drawer, you can be certain the missing glove would fit your left hand. The two gloves could be described as entangled, as knowing something about one would tell you something important about the other that isn't a random feature.

In fashion, this concept isn't all that strange. But the concept poses a problem for quantum mechanics.

Does quantum entanglement work with 'reality'?

The physicists Niels Bohr and Werner Heisenberg argued an object's state only truly existed once it became associated with a measurement, which meant somebody needed to observe it experimentally. Until then, its nature was merely a possibility.

To other physicists, such as the famous Albert Einstein and Erwin Schrödinger, this was as preposterous as saying a cat inside a box is neither alive nor dead until you look.

Finally two physicists Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen collaborated with Einstein to come up with a thought experiment, where two objects interact in some way.

By measuring one of them, we might be able to work out some of its partner details without needing to measure it directly, thanks to its 'entangled' history.

"Spooky action at a distance"

In response to this dilemma (now called the EPR or Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox) Bohr suggested that the state of both objects simply became 'real' at the same time, as if they instantly swapped details on this experimental intrusion across a distance.

Einstein dismissed this idea as a 'spooky action', claiming on multiple occasions that "God does not play dice".

Decades later, Bohr's ideas still stand strong, and the strange nature of quantum entanglement is a solid part of modern physics. Physics really is fundamentally 'spooky' after all.

7 Times Physics Blew Our Minds in 2022

1.A new neutrino could rewrite the book.

2.Quantum computer created new phase of matter with two time dimensions.

3.Scientists sent information through the first simulation of a holographic wormhole.

4.NASA successfully changed an asteroid's orbit.

5.The deepest and most detailed photo of the universe to ever be captured.

6.A warp drive experiment to turn atoms invisible could add credibility to a famous Stephen Hawking prediction.

7.Particle physicists tried to break physics again.

Wormholes

 Some interesting facts about worm holes...........

1. A wormhole is a theoretical connection between two different points in spacetime.
2. A wormhole is also called an Einstein-Rosen bridge or an Einstein-Rosen wormhole.
3. A wormhole is just a theory. No evidence exists proving wormholes exist or existed in the past.
4. You can image a wormhole as a tunnel that has two ends, both going to different points in spacetime. These points can lead to different locations, different points in time or a combination of both.
5. Another way to imagine a wormhole is to think of an earthworm eating through a piece of cake. While one end is sticking out of the top of the cake, the other is sticking out the bottom.
6. Researchers believe a wormhole could connect different parts of the universe that are billions of light-years away, to different points of time (time travel) or even an alternate universe.
7. A wormhole in theory could be used to travel faster than the speed of light, allowing humans to explore the galaxy and the observable universe.
8. A traversable wormhole in theory could be used to travel back in time, however you could not travel into the future.
9. A wormhole in theory could be used to communicate or travel to parallel universes.
10. The first proposed concept of a wormhole was by Hermann Weyl in 1928. He referred to his proposed idea as a one-dimensional tubes.
11. The term wormhole was coined in 1957 by American theoretical physicist John Archibald Wheeler in a paper that was co-authored by American physicist Charles Misne.

मां

 घुटनों पर रेंगते-रेंगते कब पैरों पर खड़ा हुआ।

तेरी ममता की छांव में न जाने कब बड़ा हुआ।।

काला टीका दूध मलाई आज भी सब कुछ वैसा है।

मैं ही हूं तेरे लिए हर जगह प्यार ये तेरा कैसा है।।

मैं रोया तू काम छोड़ कर आई मुझको गोद में उठा लिया।

झाड़ पोंछकर चूम चूमकर गीले गालों को सुखा दिया।।

कितनी भी मैं करूं शैतानी तेरे लिए मैं अच्छा हूं।

कितना भी हो जाऊं मैं बड़ा मां आज भी मैं तेरे लिए बच्चा हूं।।

रिश्ता

 गीत हरदम उजालों के हम गायेंगे...

  ये अंधेरे तुम्हें छू नहीं पाएंगे...

  मुस्कुराना सदा रूप का काम है...

  त्याग तो प्रेम का दूसरा नाम है...

  तुम तो आनंद लो रोशनी का प्रिये...

  ये न पूछो क्या क्या जलाना पड़ा...

  क्योंकि रिश्ता ही तुमसे है ऐसा मेरा...

  जो नहीं चाहकर भी निभाना पड़ा...

अल्फ्रेड नोबेल

आज अल्फ्रेड नोबेल का जन्मदिन है।

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नोबेल पुरस्कार के जनक की कहानी

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अल्फ़्रेड नोबेल डायनामाइट के आविष्कारक थे (बोफ़ोर्स कम्पनी भी अल्फ़्रेड नोबेल ने ही आरम्भ की थी)। नोबेल ने डायनामाइट बना कर खूब पैसा कमाया। इस विस्फ़ोटक ने खदानों के उत्पादन में क्रांतिकारी बढोतरी की थी। लेकिन जैसा कि अक्सर होता है... इस फूल के साथ कांटे भी थे। डायनामाइट का प्रयोग हथियारों में भी होने लगा... खुद नोबेल ने बोफ़ोर्स को एक स्टील उत्पादक कम्पनी से बदल कर एक तोप-निर्माता कम्पनी बना दिया। नोबेल के डायनामाइट ने नोबेल पर पैसा और पूरे संसार पर मौत बरसानी शुरु कर दी।

एक बार किसी ने अखबार में जानबूझ कर नोबेल की मृत्यु के बारे में लिख दिया। लोग चाहते थे कि लोगों को मारने की बजाय नोबेल खुद ही मर जाएँ। इससे दुखी होकर और अपने ऊपर से "मौत का सौदागर" का ठप्पा हटाने की कोशिश में नोबेल ने अपनी सारी सम्पदा को नोबेल पुरस्कार के लिए दान कर दिया। उन्होनें अपनी वसीयत में लिखा कि इस सम्पदा के ब्याज से ऐसे लोगों को नोबेल पुरस्कार दिए जाएँ जो मनुष्य जाति के लिए सर्वाधिक लाभदेय कार्य करे। आरम्भ में नोबेल पुरस्कार भौतिकी, रसायन शास्त्र, मेडिसिन, साहित्य और शांति के लिए दिए जाते थे। बाद में इस सूची में अर्थशास्त्र को भी शामिल कर दिया गया। प्रत्येक पुरस्कार में करीब सात करोड़ रुपए दिए जाते हैं -- संयुक्त रूप से पुरस्कृत लोगों के बीच यह राशि बराबर बाँट दी जाती है।

नोबेल ने कभी विवाह नहीं किया। उनके पास 350 से भी अधिक पेटेंट्स थे। नोबेल ने सेकेण्डरी स्कूल की शिक्षा भी प्राप्त नहीं की थी लेकिन फिर भी उन्होने स्विडिश, फ़्रेंच, रूसी, अंग्रेज़ी, जर्मन और इटालियन में महारत हासिल की थी।

नोबेल पुरस्कारों की शुरुआत 10 दिसम्बर 1901 को हुई थी। उस समय रसायन शास्त्र, भौतिक शास्त्र, चिकित्सा शास्त्र, साहित्य और विश्व शांति के लिए पहली बार ये पुरस्कार दिया गया था। इस पुरस्कार की स्थापना स्वीडन के सुप्रसिद्ध वैज्ञानिक और डायनामाइट के आविष्कारक डॉ अल्फ्रेड नोबेल द्वारा 27 नवम्बर 1895 को की गई वसीयत के आधार पर की गई थी। 10 दिसम्बर, 1896 को इटली के सेनरमो शहर में नोबेल की मृत्यु हो गई। अल्फेड की 92,00,000 डॉलर की संपत्ति विज्ञान और साहित्य में अच्छे कार्य करने वालों लोगो को दी जाती है। इसे ही नोबेल पुरस्कार के नाम से जाना जाता है।

अल्फ़्रेड नोबेल का जन्म 21 अक्टूबर 1833 में और मृत्यु 10 दिसम्बर 1896 में हुई l

The tug of gravity

 Two objects exert a force of attraction on one another known as "gravity." Sir Isaac Newton quantified the gravity between two objects when he formulated his three laws of motion. The force tugging between two bodies depends on how massive each one is and how far apart the two lie. Even as the center of the Earth is pulling you toward it (keeping you firmly lodged on the ground), your center of mass is pulling back at the Earth. But the more massive body barely feels the tug from you, while with your much smaller mass you find yourself firmly rooted thanks to that same force. Yet Newton's laws assume that gravity is an innate force of an object that can act over a distance.

Albert Einstein, in his theory of special relativity, determined that the laws of physics are the same for all non-accelerating observers, and he showed that the speed of light within a vacuum is the same no matter the speed at which an observer travels. As a result, he found that space and time were interwoven into a single continuum known as space-time. Events that occur at the same time for one observer could occur at different times for another.

As he worked out the equations for his general theory of relativity, Einstein realized that massive objects caused a distortion in space-time. Imagine setting a large body in the center of a trampoline. The body would press down into the fabric, causing it to dimple. A marble rolled around the edge would spiral inward toward the body, pulled in much the same way that the gravity of a planet pulls at rocks in space. 

Does the Earth really revolve around the sun?

 For the past few centuries it was thought to have been common knowledge that the Earth has revolved around the sun. However, when one looks at the physics closely, it turns out that the Earth does not revolve around the sun, but that it instead revolves around a common center of mass. Not only does the Earth revolve around this common center of mass, but also all of the other planets and even the sun! It just goes to show how a little knowledge of physics can upend one’s worldview.

पूनम

विज्ञ है पर जिंदगी को कम समझता है
मैं विवश हूँ वो मुझे निर्मम समझता है
है अमावस यहाँ हर कामना खुद में
चित्त का विभ्रम उसे पूनम समझता है

तन्हाई

यूँ तो मैंने महफ़िल महफ़िल आधी उम्र बिताई है,
पर जो पल भरपूर जिए हैं वो मेरी तन्हाई है।
दिल का शीशा तोडा जिसने उसको ये मालूम नहीं,
हर टुकड़े में एक मुकम्मल उसकी याद समाई है।।